THE SUPERIOR VIEW COLLECTION

Original Negatives

In 1978, after 110 years of business, Child’s Art Gallery went out of business. Founded in 1868 by Brainard F. Childs, Childs Art Gallery operated photographic studios in Marquette, Houghton and Ishpeming Michigan. Famous for his stereoscopic views, “Gems of Lake Superior”, Child’s Art Gallery went on to dominate the portrait business and win many awards for their 100 years of Mining and Skiing photographs.

In 1978, I was 25 years old and about to open a photography studio in downtown Marquette. I was looking for a large format view camera, when cameras and negatives from Childs Art Gallery ended up in the hands of an auctioneer. I purchased all the photography equipment and was able to acquire thousands of the oldest glass negatives.

The first time I displayed prints made from the Child’s negatives, I was at a local art fair. Someone came up to me and asked if I was interested in glass negatives, because there was a basement full of them on Bluff Street in Marquette. It was amazing that after a two-day estate sale at this home, the negatives were still in the basement. Several thousand glass negatives, still in their original boxes from the G.A. Werner Studio of Marquette and Ishpeming. Werner was also a stereo photographer and a great portrait artist. He captured the famous “Worlds Fair Load of Logs in 1893. This was my second purchase, just months after acquiring the Childs collection.

A wonderful woman named Ann Roberts sold me my next collection. Her family once owned the Miller Brothers Grocery in Negaunee. There were hundreds of glass plates showing the life of a well to do family in a prosperous mining town. Mr. Miller’s plates are all 5x7 inch and perfectly exposed.

Early in the 1980’s while taking tintype photographs at an art show in Copper Harbor, a Mr. Ken Bracco told me he owned a glass negative collection that was taken by Paul Pallard of the Michigan Auto Company of Calumet. He sold me hundreds of negatives of people and automobiles around the Copper Country, including many car wrecks. This same trip led to a huge negative collection from the Northland Studio of Calumet. Not only did they take great photos in the 1950’s, they also copied hundreds of historic Copper Country photographs. If that wasn’t enough, it was on this same trip that I heard the name of J.W. Nara for the first time.

In an antique store in Lake Linden, I got my first look at the work of Calumet’s J.W. Nara. The shop owner said the Nara family lived right down the road and were starting to sell of some of the hundreds of photographs that had accumulated in the last 80 years. When I stopped at the Nara farm, it turned out they were selling photographs and had donated many to Michigan Tech. I asked a different question, “Where are the negatives?” It turned out nobody had expressed any interest in the negatives, and a couple hours later I backed my truck up to an old sauna packed full of glass and celluloid negatives. This collection includes the Copper Strike and Italian Hall Disaster of 1913, as well as personal, intimate images of life in the Copper Country.

I ran a ” Wanted to buy” ad for years. A call came from an auto garage in Gwinn. Hundreds of glass plate negatives still in their original boxes and wooden crates. The auto garage was part of the Peterson Block. The Peterson Brothers were photographers who captured the beginnings of Gwinn. The Peterson collection included the rural towns between Menominee and Gwinn. The brothers were also hired to photograph the construction of the Menominee River Dam in 1910.

Early in my collecting I kept hearing about the Sincock collection. Charles Sincock lived in Hancock and eventually gave me a personal tour of his negative collection. His family was related to the Barnes brothers, photographers who came from Grand Rapids to Hancock. He showed me incredible photographs of Great Lake ships and G.R & I and Copper Country trains made from the plates. It was quite a tease because nothing was for sale. Ten years later Charlie passed away, and I was able to purchase the plates at auction.

Ray Brotherton was a historian and 3 rd generation surveyor from Negaunee. He was an avid photograph and negative collector. He managed Grand Island for C.C.I. and was a past president of the Marquette County Historical Society. He lectured with lantern slides on Michigan history beginning in the 1930’s. In his collection was the Sporley glass plate collection. Sporley owned a hardware store in Negaunee and had a 5x7 plate camera. He captured hundreds of classic hunting and fishing images, as well as life in the 1890’s.

I met Frank Korotney, a doctor from Jackson Michigan at my Mackinaw City store Views of the Past. He wanted to show me prints he made from glass plates he collected over a 25 year period in Lower Michigan. Several years later he sold me his negative collection, which filled two cargo vans. I still haven’t looked at everything.

Professional, free-lance photographer Ike Wood sold me his negatives in the 1990’s. Ike shot from the 1940’s to the 1980’s. Ike wrote the book, “One Hundred Years of Hard Labor” about the history of the Marquette Branch Prison. He gave me prisons images going back to the 1880’s.

Munising photographer Mary Jayne Hallifax gave me hundreds of her negatives. Mary Jayne and her husband were pros who shot every event in Munising for almost 50 years. The Hallifax’s were at the opening of the Mackinac Bridges in 1957 and those negatives are included in her collection.

In the past thirty years, thousands of original negatives by amateur and family photographers were sold or given to me, and reflect a time period of 1900 to the 1950’s.

THE COPY NEGATIVES

All copy negatives were made with a 4x5 Linhoff Technica with Schneider lenses. My film for the first 25 years was Kodak Copy Film and later T-Max 100.

For many years I worked for two of the greatest Michigan historians, Mac Frimidig of Laurium and Fred Rydholm of Marquette. I not only copied hundreds of photographs from their collections, but they both led me to dozens of other private collectors and photographers.

I copied the best of “Wild Bill” Brinkman of Redridge, Jack Foster of Calumet, Nickolai Oli of Mohawk, Burt Boyum of Ishpeming, Leo Lafond of Negaunee. Russell Kanerva of Gwinn was at the launch of the Edmund Fitzgerald and shared several incredible views that were never published. I copied thousands of original real photo postcards from dozens of collectors. The greatest connection I ever made was with David Tinder of Dearborn Michigan. His collection is the greatest in Michigan and he shared hundreds of great images with me.

Another source of images came from my 34 years of being a copy and restoration specialist, through my store Superior View. I’ve seen the greatest private, family collections and almost everyone offered me the opportunity to make copies for myself. Some of my most intimate, and unique images came from the pages of hundreds of family albums that were brought to me. I always asked for, or traded for the permission to market their photographs.

Hundreds of original entertainment photographs were copied onto 4x5 film. Many Hollywood stars, as well as hundreds of movie and TV stills have come into my possession. I have also collected hundreds of sports photographs. Robert Wimmer the author of the book on the Olympia Stadium and the Red Wings, shared many of his best images with me. Hundreds of professional baseball photographs from the collection of John Ashby, was also put on 4x5 negative film.

The Boutrell collection consisted of hundreds of original photographs. Harry Boutrell of Marquette started his photo albums in 1913 at Ishpeming High School, then at Northern Normal. Boutrell became a radio operator on the freighter Harry Coulby in the 1920’s. Harry using large format cameras took many photographs, from all over the Great Lakes. He then became a professional photographer on several ocean liners, taking photos on the ship and at every port around the world.

It’s hard to remember 35 years of collecting. There are many more collections I haven’t named. I’d like to thank everyone who ever shared a photograph with me. I hope these images live on forever.

 

TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHS

 MATERIAL TECHNIQUE PERIOD COMMENTS
I. Direct Positives
Metal: Copper
(silver plated)

Daguerreotype

1839-c1855

Silver tone before 1852; Brown tone after 1841.

Metal:Iron (japanned black)

Tintype (ferrotype,melainotype)

1854-c1900

Gray-black image; Chocolate colored tone after 1870. 
Glass:

Ambrotype

1854-c1870

 

II. Negatives
Paper: TECHNIQUE PERIOD COMMENTS
Uncoated, often waxed or oiled.

Calotype

1854-c1855

Extremely rare in USA.
With gelatin surface.

Eastman Paper

1884-c1895

Rare, usually of poor quality.
Glass: TECHNIQUE PERIOD COMMENTS
Thick, edges often ground, grayish coating.

Collodion

1851-c1880

Not used to any extent in USA until 1855. By 1860 universal.
Thin, sharp edges, black coating, smooth and even.

Gelatin
Dry Plate

1880-c1920

Occasionally used today as in electron microscopy, astronomical photography. 
Gelatin: TECHNIQUE PERIOD COMMENTS
Looks like" film," but completely gelatin; brittle; uneven edges.

Eastman
American Film

1884-c.1890

Used in Kodak No.1 (1888) provided 2 1/2" round image ; Kodak No.2 (1889) provided 3 1/2" round images.
 
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Clear Plastic: TECHNIQUE PERIOD COMMENTS
Extremely thin, curls up and wrinkles easily.

Roll Film

1889-1903

CAUTION! Flammable

Test by cutting small piece
from corner, putting in ashtray, touching with lighted match. If it flares, base is nitrate.

Thicker (after 1903), coated both sides with gelatin to prevent curling.

Roll Film

1903-1939

Machine-cut sheets, rectangular, edges stamped "Eastman." 

Sheet Film

1913-1939

Clear Plastic: TECHNIQUE PERIOD COMMENTS
Marked "SAFETY" on edge.

Sheet/Roll Film

1939-Present

Flammable. 

III. Prints On Paper Or Board
Paper:  TECHNIQUE PERIOD COMMENTS
Uncoated, brown to yellow-brown tone. 

 Silver Print

1839-c1860

Also called salted paper.
Coated paper, extremely thin, brown image, high gloss, usually on mount. 

Albumen Print 

1850-c1895

"Printing upon albumenised paper seems to be dying a slow but natural death."

Amateur Photographer.
August 3, 1894 

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Size Of Mounts: TECHNIQUE PERIOD COMMENTS
Carte de Visite 

4 1/4" x 2 1/2" 

Intro.
Europe-1854,
USA c1859
 
Cabinet 

4 1/2" x 6 1/2" 

Intro.
USA-1866
 
Victoria 

3 1/4" x 5"

Intro. 1870  
Promenade 

4" x 7" 

Intro. 1875  
Boudoir 

5 1/4" x 8 1/2" 

Date Unknown  
Imperial 

6 7/8" x 9 7/8" 

Date Unknown  
Panel 

8 1/4" x 4" 

Date Unknown  
Stereo 

3" x 7" 

Intro.
Europe-1854
USA-c1859
 
Stereo  

4" x 7"  

Intro.
Europe-1854
USA-c1870
 
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Gelatin Papers 
TECHNIQUE
PERIOD
COMMENTS
Coated, thickness of writing paper, yellow-brown to purple image. 

Collidochloride
Gelantinochloride Aristotype Solio
P.O.P. Proof 

1888-c1910

 
Uncoated, usually drawing paper, often pebbly surface, delicate gray image. 

Platinotype 

1880-c1930

Became popular with art photographers upon its commercial introduction in 1880 by the Platinotype Co. 
Similar 

Palladiotype 

c1914-1930

Similar in all respects to the Platinotype, except salts of palladium used. 
Uncoated, brilliant blue 

Cyano Type
Blue Print 

c1885-1910

Invented in 1840 but rarely used until c.1885 when its ease of processing appealed to amateurs. 
Uncoated, usually drawing paper; various colors; resembles a wash drawing. 

Gum Bichromate 

1884-c1920

Used only for "artistic" photography. 
Smooth, usually heavy paper; rich image in various tones. 

Carbon 

1864-c1900

Although invented earlier, first widespread use followed introduction of the transfer process in 1864. 
Coated, semimat or smooth, black-gray-white. 

Velox, Azo, D.O.P.

1893-present
All present-day printing processes are based on this so-called gaslight paper. Old prints often "bronzed" or with metallic siver sheen.


Originally Published By George Eastman House, Rochester, New York
(Now: International Museum Of Photography)

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